Improvement in brick-kilns



UNITED STATES PATENT OrEIcEc J OHl\T G. EBERHART, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

` IMPROVEMENT IN BRICK-KILNS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 152,901, dated July 14, 1874; application tiled May 19, 1874. y

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN G. EBERHART, of Baltimore, county ot' Baltimore and State of Maryland, have invented a new and Improved Brick-Kiln; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings making part of this speciiication, in which- Figure 1 is a perspective view, Fig. 2 an inverted plan, Fig. 3 a transverse section, and Fig. 4 a longitudinal section, of my improved brick-kiln. Fig. 5 is a plan, and Fig. 6 a crosssection, of the draft-lines as they are made in practice. i

My invention relates to kilns wherein the fire is built under the bricks which are to be burned. The natureof my invention consists, first, in the combination of two or more chambers, in which the bricks are burned, with tlues and a draft-stack or chimney, in suchga manner that the fire on one hearth is caused to ascend through the bricks above said hearth, pass from the chamber containing the bricks thus acted upon direct-ly by the iire into an adjoining chamber, a-nd down through the bricks in this second chamber, and through the grate below said bricks into the draft-stack or chimney; it consists, secondly, in a combination of two or more kilns, consisting each of several chambers, with one another, and with ilues and a draftstack or chimney, common to all the chambers, whereby the operation of burning one chamber of bricks to a finished condition, and burning of another chamber of bricks to a partially-iinished condition, by a iire in a single chamber is carried on on opposite sides of the same chimney, as will be hereinafter described.

In the drawings I have represented a double kiln, A A', each kiln having four chambers,B B1 B2 B3 and B4 B5 BG B2, in each of which bricks are burned by re upon grates O O1 O2 O3 and C4 O5 OG O7. Between the kilns A A a stack or chimney, D, is erected, so that the lower end of its flue is below the plane of the grates C, as shown. E EL E2 E3 EJl E5 E6 E' are draft-nues, leading from the chimney to the ash-pits F Fl F2 FfF4 F5 F6 F7 below the grates, and G are branches to these ues, leading directly into the ash-pit below the grates.

H is a valve separating the iii-st pair of chambers B B1. Hl is a valve separating the chambers B1B2. H2 is a valve separating the chambers B2 B3, and Hf" is a valve separating the chambers B3 B. The valves named answer for opening and closing the communications between the chambers of the kiln A. I I are end lues connecting the kiln A with the kiln A. Each of these ilues is provided with. a valve, H5 and HG. The kiln A has valves HT H8 H9 H10 for the very same purpose as the valves of the kiln A, and these valves are arranged in exactly the same order. J represents inspection-doors at the top of the chambers of the kiln, through which to inspect the operation of the ire upon the bricks; L, the draftentrances to the ash-pits; K K, fuel-doors to the chambers. slides for cutting off the draft from one chamber, or a iinished chamber, and reversing the draft in the adjoining chamber, and turning it on so as to draw down through this last chamber, and so on throughout the kiln.

The chambers of the kiln being filled in with bricks piled in the ordinary manner', a tire is started in the irst chamber B and the valve H opened, the damper M closed, and thc damper M1 opened. rlhe fire circulates up through the chamber B, burns the brick to a finished state therein, passes through the valve H into chamber B1, down through the bricks therein, and through the grate into the chimney. rlhe passage through B1 of the re partially burns the bricks therein. A lire is started in chamber B1. Damper M1 is closed, and damper M2 opened; valve H is closed, and valve H1 opened. This operation burns the bricks to a iinished condition in Bl, and the lire, passing through valve H1 into chamber B2, partially burns the bricks therein before escaping into the chimney. The next operation is to build a tire in B2, close dampers and valves of B2, and open dampers and valves of B2, and thus the operation is continued until the circuit is continued in one kiln or in the double kiln; and the operation repeated by beginning with the kiln B, as described.

This invention saves a large amount of fuel, enabling me to use the heat in the most natural 1n anner--viz, by having it ascend, in the din rect and finished burning, through the bricks.

The combination is such that the operation of burning is facilitated, as two chambers can be Operated upon at one time, and after the starting of the kiln one chamber of bricks is always about half burned' when the first is fully burned, and thus but half the time, or little more, is required to finish succeeding chambers of bricks.

I may, in practice, make only two chambers for each of the kilns A A', and in that case each of the chambers will include the lspace occupied by any two laterally-adjoining chambers. Under such construction the valves H1 H3 will not be necessary, and only two dampers will be used for each single kiln; or, in other words, I may make a kiln with four large chambers, and open and shut the communication between these chambers by Valves H H2 and H5 H, and regulate the draft for these chambers by four dampers, arranged in the order that they are arranged for the four chambers B B1 and B4 B5.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. Two or more chambers, B B1, constructed with the valved passage H between them, and with passages down through the grates or partitions, upon which the grates of these chambers are supported, in combination with the chimney D and the iiues E and dampers M, by which the re is caused to burn upward in chamber B, and downward through chamber B1, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. The combination ofthekiln A, constructed and operating as described, the ,kiln A', constructed and operating as described, the Valved passages between the kilns and the chimney, having communication with said kilns by means of the valved passages between the kilns and the passages down through the grate or its support, and by lues provided with dampers, in the manner and order substantially as and for the purpose described.

J OHN GEO. EBERHART.

Titnessesz JAs. A. LEnKn, G. GAV/inn. 

